Today's Overview: STANDARD WHII.3b

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
b) describing the impact of religious conflicts, the Inquisition, and Catholic Reformation on society and government actions.

Essential Understandings:

The Reformation had its roots in disagreements about theology, but it led to important economic and political changes. Religious differences and hatreds caused war and destruction.

Essential Question

What were the major economic, political, and theological issues involved in the Reformation?

Essential Knowledge

Reformation in Germany
• Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending the authority of the Pope in their states.
• The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church.
• Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).

Reformation in France
• Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked).
• Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict.

Catholic Reformation
• Dissenters prior to Martin Luther Jan Huss, John Wycliffe
• Counter-Reformation:
– The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices.
– The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world.
– The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine.