Monday's Overview (2/14)

STANDARD WHII.3a- Reform ideas

The effects of the theological, political, and economic differences that emerged, including the views and actions of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.

For centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and action. The resistance of the church to change led to the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in the birth of new political and economic institutions.

WHAT WERE THE PROBLEMS AND ISSUES THAT PROVOKED RELIGIOUS REFORMS IN WESTERN CHRISTIANITY?

Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome
• Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury.
• German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church.
• The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict.
• Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict.

WHAT WERE THE BELIEFS OF MARTIN LUTHER, JOHN CALVIN, HENRY VIII AND ELIZABETH I ?

Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition)

Views—Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, all humans equal before
God
• Actions—95 theses, birth of the Protestant Church

John Calvin (the Calvinist tradition)
• Views—Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic
• Actions—Expansion of the Protestant Movement

King Henry VIII
• Views—Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome
• Actions—Divorced; broke with Rome; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England

Queen Elizabeth I
• Anglican Church
• Tolerance for dissenters
• Expansion and colonialism
• Victory over the Spanish Armada (1588)